Assignments - Course Number IS470N

Assignment 1: Comprehensive Climate Science Exploration. Instructions: Answer the following questions in detail, providing well-supported explanations, examples, and references where necessary. Each response should be well-structured, demonstrating a clear understanding of the concepts. 1. Atmospheric Circulation and Climate Patterns Explain how atmospheric circulation shapes global climate patterns. Discuss the role of pressure variations, temperature gradients, and Earth’s rotation in influencing wind systems and weather phenomena. Provide examples of major wind belts and their impact on regional climates. 2. Earth’s Energy Budget and Greenhouse Gases Define and describe the Earth’s energy budget. What key factors regulate this balance, and how has human activity contributed to its disruption? Discuss the role of greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O) in regulating Earth’s temperature and compare their warming potentials. 3. Climate Change Mechanisms and Feedback Loops Explain the concept of climatic feedback mechanisms. Differentiate between positive and negative feedback loops, providing real-world examples of each and their implications for global climate change. Additionally, analyze the role of Effective Radiative Forcing (ERF) in climate change and how it relates to climate justice. 4. Long-Term Climate Variability and Modern Climate Science Discuss the factors that drive long-term climate variability. Compare natural causes such as Milankovitch cycles and volcanic activity with human-induced climate change. How have advancements in climate modeling improved our understanding of these variations? What role does traditional ecological knowledge play in modern climate science? Submission Guidelines: - Use clear and concise language, incorporating scientific terminology where appropriate. - Where suitable use table and figures from the sources. - Notes and Chapters from the Reference Page of this portal. - Word limit: 1500–2000 words
Assignment 2: Environmental Security in Theory and Practice — Myers and Græger (2500 words) Task Overview In this assignment, you will analyze and compare the works of Norman Myers and Nina Græger on the topic of *environmental security*. Drawing on their texts, you will critically examine how each author conceptualizes the environment-security nexus, the implications for policy and governance, and the broader debate over securitizing environmental issues. In a concise policy proposal, you will also apply their ideas to a real-world environmental security challenge. Assignment Structure Part I – Comparative Analysis: Myers’ and Græger’s Approaches to Environmental Security Summarize key arguments by each author: '''Myers''': Environmental degradation as a global security threat; emphasis on practical action, military budget trade-offs, environmental refugees. '''Græger''': Conceptual debates on securitization; critiques of state-centric models; proposal for multilevel governance and subsidiarity. Compare and contrast: How do they define '''environmental security'''? How do they approach '''global cooperation''' and '''national sovereignty'''? What are their views on '''military involvement in environmental policy'''? Part II – Critical Engagement with Shared Themes in Both Authors’ Work Themes to address: Securitization of the Environment Myers: Supports integration of environmental issues into security agendas. Græger: Cautions against militarization; supports desecuritization/politicization. ''Your analysis'': Which approach is more viable and why? Governance and Cooperation Models Myers: Advocates global interdependence and ethical responsibility. Græger: Proposes multilevel governance and pooling sovereignty. ''Your analysis'': Evaluate the feasibility of these models using examples (e.g., Paris Agreement, EU climate policy). Analytical vs. Normative Tension Græger: Warns that environmental security risks becoming a catchphrase without analytical rigor. Myers: Argues for a moral and practical urgency in addressing environmental threats. ''Your analysis'': Can environmental security serve both as a normative call and an analytical tool? Part III – Policy Proposal: Apply Insights to a Real-World Environmental Security Issue Choose a current environmental security issue (e.g., climate-induced migration, Arctic resource conflict, water scarcity). Develop a '''policy proposal''' incorporating insights from Myers and Græger. Issue background and security implications. Policy measures combining: Myers’ emphasis on '''practical action''', '''humanitarian focus''', and '''reallocation of resources'''. Græger’s '''multilevel governance''', '''subsidiarity principle''', and '''transnational cooperation'''. Anticipated challenges and justification for your approach.
###################################
Submit all of the above assignments well in time after that no score shall be given for submission.